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A subbitumious coal from Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China, was extracted with isometric CS 2 /tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent. The extract was separated by silica-gel column chromatography. A series of long-chain normal alkanes, monoaromatic steranes, polycyclic arenes and heteroatom-containing species in the extract were concentrated to large extents. In addition, abiettriene and retene were separated...
In the present study, a review of the lignite-based electricity generation in Greece is presented. By using real, long-term data concerning the national electricity generation and an appropriate mathematical model developed from first principles, it is expected that the lignite’s depletion time shall vary from 25 to 50 years. Acknowledging its finite character, an investigation is carried out in order...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the gasification kinetics of biomass char, such as the wood portion of Japanese cedar char (JC), Japanese cedar bark char (JB), a mixture of hardwood char (MH) and Japanese lawngrass char (JL), each of which was obtained as a by-product of gasification in an entrained-flow type gasifier with steam and oxygen at 900–1000°C. Biomass char was gasified in a...
To study the effects of fuel sulfur content on the characteristics of diesel particle emitted from a typical engine used in China, two types of diesel fuel with sulfur content of 30ppm and 500ppm were used in this engine dynamometer test under six operation conditions corresponding to 20%, 50% and 80% load at 1400rpm and 2300rpm engine speeds, respectively. Gaseous pollutants and particulate matter...
The main results of an experimental work on co-gasification of Colombian biomass/coal blends in a fluidized bed working at atmospheric pressure are reported in this paper. Several samples of blends were prepared by mixing 6–15wt% biomass (sawdust, rice or coffee husk) with coal. Experimental assays were carried out by using mixtures of different steams/blends (Rvc) and air/blend (Rac) ratios showing...
This paper deals with the hydroprocessing of rapeseed oil representing a perspective technological way for production of biocomponents in diesel fuel range. Rapeseed oil was hydroprocessed at various temperatures (260–340°C) under a pressure of 7MPa in a laboratory flow reactor. Three Ni–Mo/alumina hydrorefining catalysts were used. Reaction products were analyzed using several gas-chromatographic...
Renewable energy sources are attracting more attention due to lower cost and lower pollution relative to fossil fuels. The aim of this experimental work is the production of renewable and clean methyl ester from pomace oil as an alternative fuel. This oil was obtained from pomace which is the waste of olive oil plants. Optimum producing conditions were determined experimentally. The maximum yield...
Ligno-cellulosic biomass from different sources presents very variable compositions. Consequently, there is a wide variation in the nature and quantities of gaseous products obtained after thermal treatment of biomasses.The objective of this work is to establish a link between the composition of a biomass and its pyrolysis gas yields and composition. Experimental flash pyrolysis of several biomasses...
The chemical speciation of iron in combustion-derived ash is an important factor in determining the likelihood of ash deposit formation and buildup. In this study, the transformation of iron were examined in ash produced by the combustion of a beneficiated Pittsburgh no. 8 bituminous coal under a range of oxygen concentration ranging from 0% to 100% O 2 in a drop tube furnace. The speciation...
Presented are results obtained from the incorporation of a semi-empirical soot model into a first-order conditional moment closure (CMC) approach to modelling turbulent, non-premixed methane–air and propane–air flames. Soot formation is determined via the solution of two transport equations for soot mass fraction and particle number density, with acetylene and benzene employed as the incipient species...
Nickel-based catalysts supported on Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 were prepared with modification of the second metal involving La, Co, Cu, Zr or Y, of which the catalytic behaviors were assessed in the ethanol steam reforming reaction. Activity test indicated that addition of La resulted in higher selectivity of hydrogen and lower selectivity of carbon monoxide, compared with Co-doped nickel...
Dissociation kinetic behavior of methane hydrate was studied at 268.15K using thermal method in a closed quiescent middle-sized reactor of 10L, which with a multi-deck cell-type vessel as the internals and coiled copper tubes placed inside assuring hydrate form or dissociate in all cells of the vessel simultaneously to reduce or eliminate the scale-up effect. A dramatically reduced dissociation rate...
Arsenic emissions are currently considered to be one of foremost importance. Arsenic volatility is higher than most of trace elements, but its vaporization behaviour is strongly dependent on the atmosphere composition. In this sense, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, using HSC-Chemistry 5.0 software, were performed to evaluate the influence of different compounds in the distribution and mode...
Bluff-body stabilized turbulent jet diffusion flame has received renewed attention in recent years due to its practical applications. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of coaxial air velocity, U a , and lip-thickness, δ of the bluff-body on the flame stability limits and emission levels. The stability limits of a typical diffusion flame can be characterized in...
Forty four samples of type C gasoline, obtained from service stations of five different distributors, and samples of type A gasoline were analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID) using a low-polarity capillary column. Linear retention indices (LRI) were calculated, and individual components of the gasoline samples were characterized using a detailed hydrocarbon analysis software...
Lewis acids (AlCl 3 or ZnCl 2 ) were used to catalyze the transesterification of canola oil with methanol in the presence of terahydrofuran (THF) as co-solvent. The conversion of canola oil into fatty acid methyl esters was monitored by 1 H NMR. NMR analysis demonstrated that AlCl 3 catalyzes both the esterification of long chain fatty acid and the transesterification...
A novel ignition concept based on autoignition in an unscavanged prechamber is currently being developed at the Laboratory for Industrial Energy Systems (LENI). On a single cylinder test engine a series of experimental runs (CR=8.5–14, λ=1−1.6, RPM=1150/1500 min −1 ) have been realized with natural gas as fuel, comparing the new ignition concept to standard spark ignition. The comparison is...
A pelletization process was designed which produces cylindrical pellets ∼8mm in length and 4mm in diameter. These ones were manufactured using a blend of Pinus Patula and Cypress sawdust and coal in proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v of coal of rank sub-bituminous extracted from the Nechí mine (Amagá-Antioquia). For this procedure, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as binder...
Experimental studies are carried out for investigating emission and wall temperature for traditional gas turbine combustor converted to lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustor. Vortex chamber, air preheating system, flat flame burner and inlet temperature control system are designed. Vortex chamber was maintained at the main air inlet port for controlling secondary air flow rate and wall temperature...
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